Protection & Control Seminar

Distribution Protection & Control Track

The Distribution Protection & Control Track is designed for those who need a comprehensive understanding of the protection and control of medium-voltage, utility-type distribution systems, including solutions for the challenges due to the high penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER).

Sunday, July 28, 2024

6:00-8:00 PM
Seminar Check-in and Materials Pick-up

Please check-in for the seminar and pick-up your badge and seminar materials sometime between 6:00-8:00 PM on Sunday, July 28th.
If you can't make it on Sunday, please stop by the Help Desk sometime between 7:00-8:00 AM on Monday, July 29th.

Monday, July 29, 2024

7:00-8:00 AM
Breakfast & Attendee Check-in

Please check-in for the seminar and pick-up your badge and seminar materials at the Beckwith Electric Help Desk.

8:00-8:30 AM
Welcome & Introductions

8:30-9:45 AM
Distribution Feeder Protection – IEEE C37.230

Distribution System Reliability
Standards and Practices
- IEEE C37.230 (Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Distribution Lines)
Protection Philosophies
Causes of Faults
Fault Types
Distribution System Construction and Configurations
Impedances Used in Fault Current Analysis

9:45-10:00 AM
Break

10:00 AM-Noon
Distribution Feeder Protection – IEEE C37.230 (Continued)

Noon-1:00 PM
Lunch

1:00-2:45 PM
Distribution Feeder Protection & Control

Distribution protection is a complex scenario with many elements: relayed feeder breakers, recloser controlled feeder breakers, line reclosers, sectionalizing switches, sectionalizers and fuses. The application and location of the protective and sectionalizing infrastructure predicates the application and coordination of protection. Compounding the complexity is the application of DMS/DA and presence of DER/DG. The session covers the distribution topology and protective infrastructure, and application of settable of relays and recloser controls.

Fault Calculations and Settings
Protection Devices and Characteristics
Protective Device Selection and Application
Protective Functions of Relays and Controls
Ground Fault Detection Method
Automatic Reclosing
Time Overcurrent Device Coordination
Special Protective Applications
Fault Event Analysis

2:45-3:00 PM
Break

3:00-5:00 PM
Distribution Feeder Protection & Control (Continued)

Monday Evening Activities

6:00-8:00 PM
Welcome Reception

Join your fellow attendees for an evening of networking an merriment including food and drinks.

Tuesday, July 30, 2024

7:00-8:00 AM
Breakfast

8:00-9:45 AM
Feeder Protection Calculations & Settings

Feeder Protection Calculations Example
Short Circuit Current
Per Unit Quantities
Symmetrical Components
Fault Types
Fault Current Calculations Example

9:45-10:00 AM
Break

10:00 AM-Noon
Distribution Automation: FLISR

As the distribution system becomes more complex and dynamic, the trend in the industry is to automate more of the distribution operation. This session will focus on various Fault, Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration (FLISR) schemes. FLISR is utilized to limit the number of customers affected by a permanent fault by isolating the fault and utilize other sources to reconfigure the system to restore as many customers as possible. The proliferation of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) also needs to be taken into account with distribution automation. These schemes vary in complexity from simple throw over, to more complex loops utilizing peer-to-peer IED communication, and the most advanced that incorporates system models. Scripted or logic-based FLISR schemes will be compared to ones that incorporate system models, from more simplistic models to full Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integration.

Noon-1:00 PM
Lunch

1:00-2:45 PM
Distributed Energy Resources Operation, Control & Protection – IEEE 1547

Distributed Electric Resource (DER) is increasing its penetration into the distribution system. This technical session provides a background into DER operation and associated control and protection considerations for conventional and inverter-based power sources. We will review types of DER/DG and the modes in which they can operate in parallel with the distribution system. Key aspects of IEEE 1547 and a sample DER interconnection screening process are highlighted. Details of on-site standby power system conversion to operate in parallel with the distribution system are shown. Protection methodology at the point-of-common coupling (PCC) and point-of-interconnection (PI) is explored for all types of DER. A treatment of distribution system protection and control considerations and applications with DER is discussed.

Define Distributed Electrical Resource (DER)
Explore Types of DERs
Why DER?
Utility and Facility Drivers for DER
Mission Critical Power and Conversion to DER
Rates and DER Operational Sequences
Industry Concerns
IEEE 1547 (Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces)
Sample Utility DER Interconnection Guide
Interconnection Protection: “The Five Food Groups”
- Anti-islanding
- Powerflow
- Fault detection
- Abnormal operating conditions
- Reconnection
Interconnection Transformer Impacts
Generator Types and Impacts
- Synchronous
- Induction
- Asynchronous (Inverter Based)
Example Protection Applications
Distribution Protection Coordination Issues
- Directionalization
- Reclosing coordination
Smart Grid / Microgrid and DER
Impact of IEEE 1547-2018
- Fault ride-through
- Reactive support and voltage control
System Control with DER
- LTC, Regulator and Capacitor Control Issues

2:45-3:00 PM
Break

3:00-4:00 PM
Distributed Energy Resources Operation, Control & Protection – IEEE 1547 (Continued)

Tuesday Evening Activities

6:00-9:00 PM
Hospitality & Demo Expo

Please join us Tuesday evening from 6:00-9:00 PM for the Networking & Demo Expo.
Beckwith Electric and Special Guests will host a reception for a time of networking and information sharing including food and drinks.

Wednesday, July 31, 2024

7:00-8:00 AM
Breakfast

8:00-9:45 AM
Transformer Protection – IEEE C37.91

Transformers are subject to internal faults, the effects of external faults and abnormal operating conditions impressed by the power system events the transformer has no control over but must cope with. False (nuisance) trips are costly as the transformer and load are disconnected. Inability to trip due to lack of sensitivity, lack of certain protections or deficiencies in protection application may cause severe damage to transformers, negatively impacting power flows, impacting power quality and compromising stability. Achieving the ideal balance of secure and dependable protection involves use of an array of elements that protect the transformer from prolonged internal faults, excessive through faults and when challenged by power system faults and anomalies.

Why transformers fail
- The cost of failures
IEEE C37.91 (Guide for Protecting Power Transformers)
- IEEE Devices used in Transformer Protection
- Transformer Protection Review
- Transformer Protection Functions
Explore Protection Functions
- 87T Phase Differential Characteristic
  - Compensation in Digital Relays
  - Relay Configuration: Winding Arrangement and CT Connection
Overcurrent based (50, 51, 50N, 51N, 46)
Through fault protection (TFM)
- Current Summing & Through-Fault
Overexcitation (24)
- Generating plant causes
- T&D system causes
- Protection Against Overexcitation – V/Hz versus 5th Harmonic
Phase Differential (87T)
- Unique Issues Applying to Transformer Differential Protection
  - CT performance issues (saturation, remnant flux, tolerance, rating)
  - Percentage differential characteristics with variable percentage slopes
  - Internal ground fault sensitivity
  - Restraints for inrush and overexcitation
    - Overexcitation 87T Blocking Restraint – Failure to detect nascent fault
    - Overexcitation Adaptive 87T Pickup Restraint – Detects nascent faults
- Adaptive restraint for security
- Point-on-Wave Switching Inrush
- Cross Phase Averaging
- Switch-onto-Fault
High Set Phase Differential (87H)
Ground Differential (87GD), Restricted Earth Fault (REF)
Interface and Analysis Software: Desirable Attributes
- NERC “State of Reliability”
Elegant Simplicity – Realization of configuration, settings, logic, monitoring
Trany Shop – Test and Commissioning

9:45-10:00 AM
Break

10:00 AM-Noon
Transformer Protection – IEEE C37.91 (Continued)

Noon-1:00 PM
Lunch

1:00-2:45 PM
Transformer, Regulator, and Capacitor Controls

2:45-3:00 PM
Break

3:00-5:00 PM
Transformer, Regulator, and Capacitor Controls (Continued)

Thursday, August 1, 2024

7:00-8:00 AM
Breakfast

8:00-9:45 AM
Transformer, Regulator, and Capacitor Controls (Continued from Wednesday)

9:45-10:00 AM
Break

10:00-11:00 AM
LTC Transformer Paralleling

11:00 AM-Noon
Distribution System Optimization

Volt-VAr Control (VVC)
Volt-VAr Optimization (VVO)
Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR)
Allowable Voltage Ranges
Equipment and Devices used in Volt-var Control
- LTC, Voltage Regulator and Capacitor Controls
Volt-var Control Technologies and Tradeoffs
Cost-Benefit Analysis of VVO
Verification, Assessment and Monitoring Requirements for CVR

Noon-1:00 PM
Lunch

1:00-1:45 PM
Distribution System Optimization (Continued)

1:45-3:00 PM
Cybersecurity

Thursday Beckwith Factory Tour

3:45-9:00 PM
Beckwith Electric Factory Tour and Evening Reception (Optional)

Visit the Beckwith Electric factory for a behind-the-scenes look at our advanced manufacturing and services capabilities at work. Discover how we turn raw material into cutting-edge technology. Experience the Beckwith Electric commitment to quality, equipment reliability, testing procedures, new product development, and customer service. Talk to Beckwith Electric technical and product support staff and learn first-hand about our technology through live product demonstrations.

Includes transportation to and from the seminar venue. Estimated arrival back at the hotel is 9:00 PM.

3:45-4:00 PM
- Load Shuttle Bus for Beckwith Headquarters
4:30-6:00 PM
- Beckwith Electric Factory Tour & Product Demo
6:30-8:30 PM
- Evening Reception
8:30-9:00 PM
- Travel Back to Hotel

Transformer Protection Hands-on Testing Lab Breakout Session

Register early as seats will be limited for Breakout Session!

Option 1
Tuesday, July 30, 2024
1:00-3:00 PM

Option 2
Thursday, August 1, 2024
1:00-3:00 PM

Protection and control systems play a key role for the safe and reliable operation of today’s electricity power systems. The complexity of multifunction digital protection presents considerable challenges to those responsible for testing and commissioning these devices. These hands-on sessions are designed for individuals who are not required to learn complex setting equations, but want a solid understanding of proper test procedures.

The following will be included in the Hands-on Testing Lab Breakout Sessions: